Impacto del sobrepeso y la obesidad en el asma infantil

Abstract

Introduction: Evidence suggests that overweight and obesity alter the control and lung function in asthmatic children. Aim: Measure the impact of overweight and obesity in the control and lung function of a population of persistent asthma in children. Material and Method: Nutritional evaluation, asthma control and spirometry were performed in patients with persistent asthma, 5 to 15 years of age controlled in a pediatric respiratory unit. We determined the presence of asthma symptoms, specific parameters for the management and predisposing factors according to the nutritional status. Differences between groups were evaluated using chisquare Mantel-Haenszel and trend; a p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: 219 patientes were studied, males 60.3%, average age of8.5 years-old. The frequency of overweight and obesity reached 63.5%. Normal weight 36.5%, overweight 30.6% and obese 32.9%. Uncontrolled asthma (normal weight 37.5%, with overweight and obese 65.5%, p = 0.0001), abnormal spirometry (normal weight 27.5%, with overweight and obese 45.3%,p = 0.01). Uncontrolled asthma linear trend (normal weight 37.5%, overweight 67.2%, obese 63.9%, p = 0.0008). Abnormal spirometry linear trend (27.5%, 46.3%, 44.4%, p = 0.03). Conclusions: The asthmatics with overweight and obesity have a bigger proportion of uncontrolled asthma and abnormal spirometry than the asthmatics with normal weight. It exists a trend of uncontrolled asthma and abnormal spirometry when passing from one category to another of the nutritional classification.