Ventilación no invasiva y rehabilitación respiratoria en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica

Abstract

In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary rehabilitation has been demonstrated to increase exercise capacity and reduce dyspnea. In the most disabled patients, the intensity of exercise during the training sessions is limited by ventilatory pump capacity. Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) support has been used successfully in patients with exacerbation of COPD. However, its benefit in patients with stable COPD or in a pulmonary rehabilitation program is under discussion. This chapter therefore evaluated the scientific evidence regarding the beneficial effect of NIV support in the respiratory rehabilitation on exercise tolerance. Features of the NIV as to when they do it-whether during training or night-and modality were reviewed. Use of noninvasive ventilation in pulmonary rehabilitation was recommended in selected patients with severe COPD or advanced stage, and in those with suboptimal response to exercise training. The use of NIV should be preferably at night, using inspiratory pressure support, which can help achieve a better exercise tolerance, an improvement in gas exchange and a reduction in the overhead of the respiratory muscles and dyspnea (quality evidence B, moderate strength recommendation).