Ensayo Xpert MTB/RIF en el diagnóstico de tuberculosis

Abstract

Xpert MTB/RF is an automatic methodology that uses the polymerase chain reaction to detect in less than two hours the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and also informs about the sensibility to rifampicin. This technology has good sensibility and even better specificity in respiratory samples. In non-respiratory samples the sensibility is lower. We analyzed the results of samples sent to the Laboratory of Tuberculosis of the Instituto Nacional del Tórax-Chile (National Thorax Institute) during the last two years since we started to use this technology. We analyzed 529 samples, 384 (73%) of them were respiratory in origin and 145 (27%) were non-respiratory. Only 43 samples were positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 33 from respiratory samples, and 10 from other sources. 17 smear negative samples were culture positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis; 15 of them were detected by Xpert; 351 samples were culture negative, 17 of them were positive by Xpert, the majority in patients under treatment for tuberculosis or with old tuberculosis. Ten of 10 culture positive patients from non-respiratory samples were positive with Xpert. The interpretation of Rifampicin resistance, when its prevalence in a given population is low, like is the case in Chile, requires confirmation by using standard methods.