Nuevas perspectivas terapéuticas en tuberculosis

Abstract

To advance in the control and elimination of tuberculosis (TB) we must achieve a high level of effectiveness in the prevention of TB in populations infected by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Latent TB prevention success with current therapies (single isoniazid or in combination with rifampicin) is close to 60%. We also must offer a high level of treatment success in first-line drugs sensitive TB patients. With currently available drugs (isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol and pyrazinamide) treatment success should reach at least 95%. Drug side reactions together with the lengthen treatment of infection and disease (6 months) decrease the compliance to these therapies. In Multi-Drug-Resistant TB (MDR-TB), therapies are even longer (20 months according to WHO's recommendation) and much less tolerated, with rates of success under 50%. New trials for latent TB using rifapentin and isoniacid; combined fixed-dose offirst-line drugs in sensible TB, and the addition of new drugs (fluorquinolones, bedaquiline, delamanid and linezolid) in multi-drug resistant TB, together with shorter regimens of 12 months duration which include Clofazimine (experience in Cameroon with modification of a 9 months trial previously used in Bangladesh showing 89% cure) are discussed in this article.