Prevalencia de riesgo de apnea obstructiva del sueño en población adulta chilena

Abstract

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a neglected chronic disease probably emerging under appropriate epidemiological conditions in Chile. Our goal was to estimate the prevalence of OSA risk in adult population. Patients and Methods: From the 2nd Chilean Health Survey 2010 (NHS), we estimate the prevalence of risk of OSA in population ≥ 18 years, as a derived proxy from STOPBang Questionnaire. A clinical prediction rule-CPR: habitual snoring, daytime sleepiness, nocturnal breathing pauses, blood hypertension, BMI > 35 kg/m2, age > 50 y.o., neck circumference ≥ 43 cm (men) and ≥ 41 cm (women) and male, was constructed. According to the total score subjects were classified as: Low (< 3), Medium (3-4), and High Risk (≥ 5). SPSS Software (v22) modules for complex survey was used to obtain population prevalence and 95% confidence intervals. Results: 5,069 records were obtained, mean age 48 ± 18 years, 60% women. A subsample of 4,234 fulfil the criteria per the CPR. The expanded sample (representing 11,279,865 persons), yielded the following results: Low risk 60.7% (CI 95%, 58-63.4), Medium 31.1% (28.7-33.6) and High 8.2% (7-9.5). Men with Low risk 45.8% (41.7-49.9), Medium 41.1% (37.3-45.1), High 13.1% (11-15.5). Women with Low risk 74.6% (71.6-77.4), Medium 21.8% (19.4-24.4), High 3.6% (2.5-5.1). We observed an increasing trend in High risk of OSA from 0.3% (0-1.8) in 18-24 years old group to a 22.9% (18.4-28.2) in people aged > 65 years old. Men with the highest prevalence of High risk OSA are in 7 of the 15 Regions: Araucanía (24%), Aysén (21.3%), Coquimbo (18%), Maule (17.8%), Bio-Bio (17%), Arica (16,2%) and O'Higgins (15.7%). Conclusion: OSA is a prevalent condition in Chilean Population, is higher in men than in women and a positive age trend of high risk OSA was observed.