Evaluación del riesgo de síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño y somnolencia diurna utilizando el cuestionario de Berlín y las escalas Sleep Apnea Clinical Score y Epworth en pacientes con ronquido habitual atendidos en la consulta ambulatoria

Abstract

Objectives: To determine the frequency of risk for the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) through clinical predictors: Berlin Questionnaire, Sleep Apnea Clinical Score (SACS) and the degree of daytime sleepiness measured by Epworth scale. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among patients who reported snoring seen by pulmonology in the outpatient clinic between January and March 2014. Frequency of OSA was calculated according to the three clinical prediction rules. We also determine the characteristic associated with a high risk of OSA according to each prediction rule. Results: We recruited 230 participants, 56.5% were male, with a mean age of 50 ± 12 years. The risk of moderate or high risk for OSA was 61.8%, 66.9% and 62.6% according to Epworth somnolence scale, SACS and Berlin questionnaire, respectively. Neck circumference, abdominal circumference and body mass index were the characteristics more consistently associated with OSA risk. Correlation between SACS and Berlin prediction rules was 0.55, between SACS and Epworth scale was 0.22 and between Berlin and Epworth scale was 0.35 (p < 0.001 for all comparisons). Conclusions: There is a high risk for OSA among snoring patients attending respiratory outpatient clinic. The correlation between prediction rules evaluated was lower than expected. Larger studies in general populations using polysomnography as a reference standard are needed to clarify the diagnostic and prognostic value of OSA prediction rules.